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Question icon
What are benchmark, datum, and datum types?

Answer icon
A benchmark is a fixed point with a reference measurement associated to it and an elevation is the measurement of a distance above the set point. So a concrete monument can be at 18 and the finish floor of a dwelling is 3 feet above the marker making the finish floor elevation to be 21. Datum is an assigned standard measurement associated to the reference marker; similar to how a foot is associated with Standard English and a meter is metric. There are three different datum references: Mean Sea Level (MSL), National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) and North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The original Flood Insurance Rate Mate (FIRM) were developed using NGVD 1929 datum, but all Chatham County FIRM dated September 26, 2008 and later are based on NAVD 1988. The change of datum is a primary reason for the decrease of Base Flood Elevations on the 2008 FIRM maps. Bench mark elevations relative to NAVD 88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at National Geodetic Survey. A rough conversion of NGVD to NAVD in Savannah is by subtracting .93’ from NAVD 29 elevation.


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